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0..9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

ABC of electronics terms

(To find chips for distinct functions, see the functional pages.)

S

Scarce chip
Chip for which there is more demand than availability.

local More

Schematic
See Circuit Schematic.

Sci.Electronics.Repair
Newsgroup on usenet about repairing electronical devices.

SCR
Silicon Controlled Rectifier

www.americanmicrosemi.com/tutorials/scr.htm

Scroll Lock Key
On 19990129 Brian G wrote:

Excuse me, I am very familiar with computers and know a lot about them, but this question has always hacked at my brain:
What does the scroll lock key do??!?!?!?!

The scroll lock key is supposed to lock the scrolling process. Scrolling is the fact the old text on the screen (onder DOS for example) is shifted up line-by-line when a new line is added at the bottom. The lock key stops and resumes this process. Use the 'type' command to show a long file and try to stop this using the key...

Under Unix this process was done using the XON and XOFF characters, ctrl-S and ctrl-Q. This also works an a PC sometimes. Some Unix'es also used the ESC key for this, which was much easier since it was a single key that is easy to hit clickly...

SCSI
Small Computer System Interface. Often pronounced as skuzi.

SCSI
www.lsilogic.com/ The SCSI chips of formerly NCR->Symbios->Adaptec
www.scsita.org/ SCSI Trade Association (STA)
metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.html Linux Documentation Project
www.seagate.com/support/kb/disc/ultrascsi.html Ultra SCSI

Books:
SCSI-Bus und IDE-Schnittstelle. Peripherie-Schnittstellen: Hardware, Protokollbeschreibung, Anwendung ISBN: 3827314178 DM 80

See also:
ASA
ATAPI
Hard Disk Drive
IDE

SDIF
Sony Digital InterFace

See SPDIF.

SDK
Software Development Kit.

This is a kit of software (and sometimes hardware) that allows you develop software for certain specific hardware. See also IDE (Integrated Software Environment). An SDK usually contains a compiler, assembler, downloader. Sometimes also a debugger and/or simulator. An IDE has all functions integrated into what seems to be one GUI (Graphical User Interface). Borland was one of the first to offer quite serious IDE's (for a low price): Borland's Turbo Pascal).

(currently unknown) The MWave SDK is there under 'software'

SDLC
Synchronous Data Link Control is an IBM communication link protocol used to implement the System Network Architecture (SNA).

Intel's (in 1978 announced) 8273 can handle this format together with the HDLC format.

Sensor
Electrical device that can measure something non-electrical in it's environment.

See also:
local Sensor manufacturers

Serial port
A port that sends it's data one bit at a time over a single line.

local Choosing a UART
www.beyondlogic.org/ About interfacing it
ftp.psyber.com/tcj/faqs/The_Serial_Port FAQ directory
ftp.psyber.com/tcj/faqs/The_Serial_Port.info FAQ information
ftp.psyber.com/tcj/faqs/The_Serial_Port.more01 FAQ part 1
ftp.psyber.com/tcj/faqs/The_Serial_Port.more02 FAQ part 2
ftp.psyber.com/tcj/faqs/The_Serial_Port.more03 FAQ part 3
ftp.psyber.com/tcj/faqs/The_Serial_Port.more04 FAQ part 4
ftp.psyber.com/tcj/faqs/The_Serial_Port.more05 FAQ part 5
www.rdrop.com/~cary/html/serialportdocs.html By David Cary
www.beyondlogic.org/ At 'Beyound Logic'
local See also
www.lavalink.com/SERIALPARALLELPRODS.HTML PC boards for sale

Books:
title order at Amazon USA price indication
Serial Port Complete ISBN: 0965081923 $32

Besides the RS-232 protocol there are several other serial busses:
1 wire Dallas (now Maxim) serial bus data+clock combined (and ground)
2 wire Philips I2C bus data, clock (and ground)
3 wire Industry standard serial bus in, out, clock (and strobe and ground)

Servo Motor
If I remember correctly, a servo motor is a motor that has a constant speed, because it's actual speed is being measured and is used to adjust the voltage that drives the motor.

www.rentron.com/servo.htm Serial Hobby-Servo Controller
www.industrycommunity.com/myforum/stephen_bartlett/ Servodrives and Servomotors Forum: Variable speed drives with/without position control, servodrives with/without position control, drive synchronisers, absolute encoders, fieldbus communications.

See also Stepper motor.

SGML

See PCIS

SIMM
Single In-line Memory Module

www.nctnico.cistron.nl/ Hardware Web: SIMM pinouts
www.midiweb.com/hww/ Hardware Web: SIMM pinouts

Simulator
Software to mimic the electrical behaviour of electrical circuits in order to test them before they are actually build.

Where Manufacturer
www.cadence.com/ Cadence
www.metasw.com/ hSpice
www.hyperlynx.com/ Hyperlynx
www.mentor.com/ Mentor
www.microsim.com/ PSpice
www.viewlogic.com/ Quad/Viewlogic
www.intusoft.com/ Spice by Intusoft
www.veribest.com/ VeriBest

Book:
High Speed Digital Design: A handbook of Black Magic
title order at Amazon USA price indication

Single Board Computer
Complete computer on a single PCB. Generally a complete IBM-PC is meant with this.(These SBC's are build into quite expensive devices, but can save a lot on development costs since they are completely PC-like so the software can be developed and tested on normal low-cost PC's using standard compilers and then easily transfered once the product is ready.)

Where Manufacturer
www.advantech.com.tw/ Advantech

Sinus
Lowest energy waveform, because it's change is as gradual as possible. Therefore it's a very natural waveform. It's change is also directed by a sinus wave form in turn and the change of the change also, at infinitum (=until forever)...

local Sinus and cosinus generation
www.interstice.com/~sdattalo/technical/theory/sinewave.html Theory

SK
www.americanmicrosemi.com/tutorials/ecg_nte_sk.htm

SLDRAM
SyncLink DRAM.

www.sldram.com/ SLDRAM Consortium

Slide
Sliding variable resistor?

Where Manufacturer
www.accuride.com/ Accuride
www.thomsonind.com/ Thomson

S-Link
Sony's S-Link Technology (Control-A1) is used to connect (Sony) appliances.

www.sony.co.jp/ Sony
www.brouhaha.com/~eric/pic/controls.html
www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/4652/sircs.htm

Smart Card IC
IC* used on a smartcard. Smart cards are the newest generation (now in 1997) of credit cards which have intelligent processors on board. ISO-7816 series is the most widely used smart-card-IC standards.

www.smartcardsys.com/ PC/SC specs for coupling with PC, Technical Overview by Phillippe Sarlin
www.visa.com/ .. cardspec.pdf EMV'96, Standards for card sessions from Europay, MasterCard and Visa
www.gemplus.fr/ Gemplus' excellent site, data + links!
www.gemplus.com/ Gemplus' excellent site, data + links!
www.java.sun.com/ Java Card Forum, promotes Java as Smart Card language
Axiohm Sells smart card reader/writers for something over $100.

Smart Card IC* vendors:
www.hitachi-eu.com/ Hitachi
www.mot-sps.com/csic/smarcrd/ Motorola
www.mot-sps.com/csic/smartcrd/ Motorola (or this?)
www.necel.com/ NEC
www.semiconductors.philips.com/identification/ Philips
www.siemens.de/ Siemens
www.st.com/ ST
www.ti.com/ TI
www.xicor.com/ Xicor


Order scarce chips via the Chipdir

SMT
Surface Mount Technology

As opposed to the more ancient technique of using through hole pins on chips SMT chips are soldered directly to one side of a PCB. This has several advantages:

Disadvantages:

A way to desolder SMT is puting a thin wire behind the pins, heat the pins and pulling the wire under the pins one by one. Preferable use a wire that doesn't get soldered itself. Perhaps the lacqered (sp?) wire that they use to wind transformators might work or some metal that isn't easily solder...

How is SMT soldered?

They put a kind of solder paste on all parts that need to be soldered, then they glue all the SMT IC*'s to the board using their under side and then they heat the complete board including all the parts until the solder melts and the connections are firm. All components on the board need to be able to withstand this heat or need to be soldered on later!

www.smtnet.com/ More info

Socket

Socket (hardware)
A hole where a plug or a set of plugs go into, generally in order to connect wires or connect a wire to a device.

Where Manufacturer
www.advintcorp.com/ Advanced Interconnect
www.arieselec.com/solution.html Aries Electronics
www.ca-online.com/ Circuit Assembly Corp
www.hollingsworth.com/ Hollingsworth
www.mill-max.com/ Mill-Max
www.yeu.com/ Yamaichi Electronics

Socket (software)
The connection in software to a channel over a network.

www.pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.de/unix/faq/unix-faq-socket.html Unix Socket FAQ for Network Programming

Software
local This item got it's own subdirectory

Solder
Good current conducting mixture of lead and tin that has a low smelting temperature and can be used to join certain metals like copper and is therefore used to connect electronical components.

Where Manufacturer
www.kester.com/ Kester Solder

See also Desolder and PCB.

Sound Card
A PCB in a PC to record and make sounds with.

It generally has several parts:

Current sound cards have generally several historically originated parts:

The MS Windows Sound System was based on an AD chip named AD1848 and which was later much improved by Crystal (owned by Cirrus Logic) as CS4231A.
Later chips from these two incorporated also the SB etc. parts.

It's all quite a mess and sometimes the connecting chips are really hard to get data about.

See also:
sound chip (next)
sound file
WAV
maxirc.soundcentral.com/ MaxiSound Resource Center
members.aol.com/cridi/ 'I have a dream...' site
www.opensound.com/osshw.html Open Sound System

Sound chip
See also the voice and speech sections in this ABC...

local More about sound chips etc.

Sound file
A sound file is a file on a computer system to store sound in.

www.cwi.nl/ftp/audio/ definition of a lot of those file formats

SPDIF
Sony/Philips Digital Interface

local More

Specifications
See also in this ABC:
cable
connector
ATAPI
EIDE
EISA
IDE
ISA
SCSI
etc.

Speech
Human speech

Computers can try to:

local Speech generation
local Speech Recognition
local Voice recognition
local voice recognition chips
local Voice synthesizers

Speed
The volocity with which something moves, but here we're talking about processor speed, so the number of useful computations a processor can execute per second.

local Speed comparison between several embedded processors

SPI
(Synchronous) Serial Peripheral Interface

See SPI.

SPICE
SPICE files are used to simulate components using software like PSpice.

nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca/pub/cookbook/spice/ In the Circuit Cookbook
www.maxim-ic.com/TechSupport/spicemod.htm SPICE models of Maxim chips
local See also

Spotting
Determining the function of a chip by looking at it's number, the number of pins, the board it's on, where it is on the board and what else is on the board.

local Tips for chip spotting

Spying
Book:
title order at Amazon USA price indication
Electronic Circuits and Secrets of an Old-Fashioned Spy ISBN: 1581600275 $20

Square root
Mathematical function

local Square root calculation
www.interstice.com/~sdattalo/technical/theory/sqrt.html Theory
www.allcode.com/8051/ See SQROOT1.ASM

Square wave
www.interstice.com/~sdattalo/technical/theory/sqwave.html Theory

S-Record
Motorola's file format for transfering binaries to an embedded environment.Also called S1S9 format.(Intel has a similar format. Tektronix also. And often regular hex dumps are used.)

A Unix document about it.

S-Records are ASCII characters in a protocol developed by Motorola and isused to transfer data and program code to and from host computers or tostore such information. Details of this protocol have been archived as

Source: M68k FAQ
See also:
www.mcu.motsps.com/lit/faq/as-80.htm
www.xilinx.com/support/techsup/ftp/htm_index/utils_prom.htm To JEDEC files
www.canb.auug.org.au/~millerp/srecord/srecord.html By P. Miller
www.pemicro.com/support_center/downloads/utilities/utilities.html binary to s-record converter and an s-record mover

ST6
Processor made by ST.

local ST6 page in the Chipdir
ftp.unina.it/pub/electronics/FAQ/st6faq.zip
ftp.unina.it/pub/electronics/FAQ/st6faq.txt
FAQ if even that file disappears

Stepper Motor
A stepper motor is a motor that only steps a certain arc of a full rotation each time that a voltage is being applied. By feeding the motor pulses you can exactly control how far the axis is being rotated. You can usually rotate the motor in both directions. Stepper motors are for example used for the head movements in plotters, printers and disk drives.

home.t-online.de/home/uwe-wulf/lmd18245.htm Serial stepper motor driver by Uwe Wulf

See also Servo motor.

Stereo Graphics
Making the eyes see depth by providing them with slightly different images.

www.stereographics.com/html/hdk.htm Stereo3D Hardware Developer's Handbook

Standard
General specification on how to design a product so it can work together with other similar products.

See also ANSI, CEN, CCITT, DIN, IEEE, IETF, ISO, JEDEC, NEN, NNI

See also:
www.hut.fi/Misc/Electronics/standards.html In Finland
www.cmpcmm.com/cc/standards.html Pointers to Computer and Communications Standards
www.us-epanorama.net/standards.html Standards

Static Electricity
Read this.
us-tech.com/august96/prods/smi/smi024.htm
www.wescorpstaticcontrol.com/products/Ant_Stat_Tape.html

Storage
See also: Harddisk, SCSI, ATA, ATAPI, IDE etc.

alumni.caltech.edu/~rdv/comp-arch-storage/FAQ-1.html Answers for Frequently Asked Questions for comp.arch.storage

Surge
See local

Surplus
Surplus goods are left-over goods. Surplus goods are generally cheaper then new stuff, but only if you can easily find them. When you have to hire someone to find them for you or if they have to find you, they can be much more expensive than new stuff (in time and or money).

www.bgmicro.com/ - Surplus electronics

SVPC
SVPC Design Conference

Find out the latest in "Breaking the I/O Bottleneck in the PC Architecture" by joining Intel at the 1996 Silicon Valley Personal Computer Design Conference and Expo (SVPC '96), Oct. 7-9 at the Sunnyvale, Calif., Hilton.
In addition to a keynote address, Intel will lead a discussion on standardized Intelligent I/O, the I2O specification, and its impact on the PC.
For more information on SVPC, contact SysTech Research at 408-293-8383 or e-mail systech@ix.netcom.com
www.intel.com/design/news/bottlnk.htm

Switch
A switch is an electrical, electronical or mechanical device to interrupt or conduct an electrical current.

Where Manufacturer
www.ab.com/mem/ Allen-Bradley
www.apem.com/ Apem
www.mew.com/ Aromat
www.ckcorp.com/ (gone?) C&K
www.cole-switches.com/ Cole Instrument Corporation
www.cpclare.com/ CP Clare
www.ctscorp.com/ CTS Corp
www.ch.cutler-hammer.com/ Cutler-Hammer
www.eaoswitch.com/ EAO Switches
www.eaton.com/ Eaton Commercial
www.eecoswitch.com/ EECO Switches
www.electro-nc.com/ Electro Switch
www.e-switch.com/ E-Switch
www.grayhill.com/ Grayhill
content.honeywell.com/sensing/ Honeywell
www.switches.com/ Marquardt
www.liteon.com/ Lite-On, International
www.us.liteon.com/ Lite-On, USA
www.liteon-europe.com/ Lite-On, Europe
www.mec.dk/ MEC
www.memtron.com/ Memtron Technologies
www.microswitch.com/ MicroSwitch, now Honeywell Sensing and Control
www.ottoeng.com/ Otto Engineering
www.pui.com/ Projects Unlimited
www.schurterinc.com/ Schurter
www.solico.com/ Solico/MEC
www.switchcraft.com/ Switchcraft

Synchronous circuits
Synchronous circuits are circuits that work in time steps under the control of a clock. At each clock pulse the output state of each stage is propagated to the next stage as input. An example of a synchronous circuit is an MCU or MPU. In contrast in an asynchronous circuiit there is no clock (and usually no registers and flip-flops) and the output of each part is immediately propagated to every part connected to it's outputs. You can regard a synchronous circuit as asynchronous stages with registers between the stages. Synchronous circuits are usually much more complex than asynchronous ones. When only one clock circuit is used for all registers, the slowest stage determines the maximum clock speed. According to RISC philosophy it's therefore important to reduce the propagation delay in each stage (dividing up stages if need be) until all stages take about as much time and as little time as possible.

www.makaton-signs.org.uk/PL-Sequencer/ Using progammable logic for sequencing circuits
local My article about RISC processor philosophy


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